{"id":1271,"date":"2025-12-27T08:35:23","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T08:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tinsunpack.com\/?p=1271"},"modified":"2025-11-13T08:44:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T08:44:39","slug":"chromium-coated-steel-sheet-applications-in-food-grade-metal-packaging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tinsunpack.com\/vi\/chromium-coated-steel-sheet-applications-in-food-grade-metal-packaging\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m trong bao b\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (ECCS) ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfc\u2014\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m an to\u00e0n, nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hai l\u1edbp cr\u00f4m\/oxit cr\u00f4m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh s\u01a1n cao v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ECCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u1eafp h\u1ed9p, n\u1eafp m\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady v\u00e0 khay trong c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ECCS l\u00e0 g\u00ec, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ECCS v\u00e0 th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 thi\u1ebfc, th\u00e9p nh\u00f4m, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh. s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2014 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 crom trong bao b\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u in \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tinsun Packaging c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1eabu v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u2014 h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o catalog v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m, TFS v\u00e0 th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

ECCS l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ECCS v\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u00f4n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ECCS l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cr\u00f4m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit cr\u00f4m m\u1ecfng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm (tinplate), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm, ECCS d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t oxit cr\u00f4m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Trong \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh: ECCS v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb trung t\u00ednh, trong khi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm (tinplate) ph\u00e1t huy \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i, th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; ECCS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0n, d\u00e1n keo ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n k\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u\/n\u1eafp. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a BPA-NI, oxit c\u1ee7a ECCS gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c in \u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>ECCS (Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfc)<\/th>Th\u00e9p t\u00f4n<\/th>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>Crom + oxit crom<\/td>Tin<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau (\u0111\u00ednh d\u00ednh so v\u1edbi h\u00e0n).<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n m\u00e0i\/m\u1ef1c<\/td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc tr\u00ean oxit<\/td>T\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u01a1n m\u00e0i.<\/td>ECCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho BPA-NI v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/td><\/tr>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n.<\/td>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00e0n<\/td>ECCS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n\/keo d\u00e1n; th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n.<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ef1 \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng do l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/td>R\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9<\/td>H\u1ed9p thi\u1ebfc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<\/td>ECCS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/td><\/tr>
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1<\/td>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Chromium<\/td>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebfc<\/td>ECCS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebfc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ECCS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp, n\u01a1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u01a1n v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u; th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfc trong \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u1edbp n\u1ec1n ECCS c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1: cr\u00f4m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 oxit cr\u00f4m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. L\u1edbp l\u00f3t b\u00ean trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, trong khi l\u1edbp s\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tr\u00ean k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7 (ECCS)<\/th>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t\/h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng<\/th>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Epoxy-phenolic (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 BPA-NI)<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (retort)<\/td>C\u00e1, th\u1ecbt, \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e1c m\u00f3n t\u1eeb c\u00e0 chua<\/td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh; c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn BPA-NI ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/td><\/tr>
Polyester (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a BPA)<\/td>Pasteur h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, s\u1eefa, b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4<\/td>S\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/td><\/tr>
Acrylic<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>B\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady<\/td>Trong su\u1ed1t, c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i Organosol (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a PVC)<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/td>K\u1ebft th\u00fac\/\u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr>
L\u1edbp s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/td>N\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/td>B\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1edd; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (ECCS) cho c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n, l\u1edbp cr\u00f4m, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn theo quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/th>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7 kim\/hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i clorua<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh SO2 (Kesternich)<\/td>\u00c1p l\u1ef1c do ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp phim ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c m\u00e9p xung quanh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft kh\u1eafc.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (121\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c theo quy tr\u00ecnh)<\/td>T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7 sau c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/td><\/tr>
Ng\u00e2m\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>Ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb kim lo\u1ea1i sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e9o + b\u0103ng d\u00ednh<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao v\u1edbi \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0: ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2192 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3ng \u2192 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u2192 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2192 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng \u2192 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1eed v\u1ecb \u2192 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so s\u00e1nh: ECCS so v\u1edbi t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014\u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00e2n, khay, n\u1eafp\u2014vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t khung nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>ECCS (Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfc)<\/th>Thi\u1ebfc<\/th>T\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\/oxygen<\/td>R\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>T\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>R\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh\/kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e3n<\/td>T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>R\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9.<\/td><\/tr>
T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u00e0n\/h\u00e0n ch\u00ec<\/td>H\u00e0n\/keo d\u00e1n; kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n ch\u00ec<\/td>H\u00e0n ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n; keo d\u00e1n\/c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng in \u1ea5n<\/td>T\u1ed1t tr\u00ean l\u1edbp oxit + s\u01a1n b\u00f3ng<\/td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td><\/tr>
Trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb<\/td>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>Nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/td>V\u00f2ng th\u00e9p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/td>V\u00f2ng th\u00e9p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/td>V\u00f2ng nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr>
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed<\/td>Cr\u00f4m, th\u00e9p<\/td>Th\u00e9p, th\u00e9p<\/td>Thanh nh\u00f4m<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>N\u1eafp\/\u0111\u1eady, m\u00e0ng b\u00f3c, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady, khay<\/td>Th\u00e2n lon truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n, th\u00e2n lon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>H\u1ed9p DWI, n\u1eafp nh\u1eb9, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
Ghi ch\u00fa ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u201c\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m trong bao b\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u201d n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/td>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ECCS v\u00e0 th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng lon, nh\u01b0ng ECCS \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u1eafp lon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n lon t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 cho H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ECCS) trong bao b\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (DoCs) v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m di chuy\u1ec3n\/c\u1ea3m quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (GMP) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n